Pepsi Supply Chain Management - 5028 Words

Table of Contents Introduction Supply Chain Management is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the operations of supply chain with the purpose to satisfy customer requirements as efficiently as possible. Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point-of-origin to point-of-consumption. It is a cross functional approach to managing the movement of raw materials into an organization and the movement of finished goods out of the organization toward the end consumer. Supply Chain management is also the combination of art and science of improving the way company finds the raw components it needs to make a product or service and†¦show more content†¦They do this through sales growth, cost controls and wise investment of resources. They believe their commercial success depends upon offering quality and value to their consumers and customers; providing products that are safe, wholesome, economically efficient and environmentally sound; and providing a fair return to their investors while adhering to the highest standards of integrity. A customer while purchasing a bottle of Pepsi will consider product quality, price and availability of the product. Thus, Pepsi focuses its competitive strategy as to producing sufficient variety, reasonable prices, and the availability of the product. Pepsi Ceo Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi has been the chief executive of PepsiCo since 2006. During her time, healthier snacks have been marketed and the company is striving for a net-zero impact on the environment. This focus on healthier foods and lifestyles is part of Nooyi s Performance with Purpose philosophy. In 2007, Nooyi spent $1.3 billion on healthier-alternative brands like Naked Juice, a California maker of soy drinks and organic juice. Today, beverage distribution and bottling is undertaken primarily by associated companies such as The Pepsi Bottling Group and Pepsi Americas. PepsiCo is a SIC 2080 (beverage) company. PepsiCo has also recently acquired a 50% stake in U.S.-based Sabra Dipping Company. PepsiCo also has formedShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management of Pepsi10053 Words   |  41 Pagesof Channel of Distribution of Pepsi Products in Patna† At Lumbini Beverages Pvt. Ltd. Hajipur Under Guidance Mr. Manish Sahay [Market Developing Officer PEPSI, Patna (Bihar)] In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the award of POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT Submitted To Submitted By Mr. Rahul Saxena Kunal (Class Coordinator) PGDM – III (B) Roll: - 11 Academy Of Management Studies, Dehradun DECLARATION Read MorePepsiCo Is Growing in to a World Class Organization Essay536 Words   |  3 PagesPepsiCo is one of the foremost food and beverage companies in the world and sells its products of Pepsi, Frito Lay, Tropicana, Quaker, and Gatorade in more than 200 countries and territories world wide (PepsiCo, 2014). With the large size of PepsiCo and the substantial volume of products produced and sold around the world having a having a swift, seamless, integrated, and cost effective supply chain is essential to the well being of the company. The mission of PepsiCo is to grow its business intoRead MoreSupply Chain Mgt of Pepsi1340 Words   |  6 PagesSupply Chain Management of PepsiCo ------------------------------------------------- Case Details: | Case Code | : | OPER102 | Case Length | : | 14 pages | Period | : | 2005-2011 | Organization | : | PepsiCo. | Pub Date | : | 2012 | Teaching Note | : | Not Available | Countries | : | US; Global | Industry | : | Food and Beverages | ------------------------------------------------- Abstract: In 2010, PepsiCo Beverage Company (PBC), an operating unit of PepsiCo Inc. (PepsiCo)Read MoreErp Systems: Pepsi Americas, Tesco, MS, Wal-Mart, Migros1197 Words   |  5 Pages1. PepsiAmericas In 2000 PepsiAmericas merged with Whitman Corp and became the second largest Pepsi bottler of the United States. On the 1st of March 2010 PepsiAmericas became a division of PepsiCo’s, Pepsi Beverages Company. Today PepsiCo makes $60 billion in revenues and has 285,000 employees. PepsiAmericas chose to implement a PeopleSoft ERP solution to increase the profitability of the company. The core ERP components helped PepsiAmericas to improve its business by establishing a completeRead MoreThe Production of Pepsi2420 Words   |  10 PagesTranscom Beverage Ltd | The production of Pepsi | Assignment on Production and Operations Management | | | 7/28/2012 | | Submittted to: Ishfaque Hossain Lecturer School of Business North South University ------------------------------------------------- Submitted By: Muhammad Mufrad MAHMUD (ID-0910645630) Sarah TABASSUM (ID-0910888030) sugandha saha (Id-082276030) md. rezaul karim (id-0920117030) md. zia uddin (Id-0910260030) farhana rahman (ID-0910229530) Acknowledgement Read MoreSupply Chain Management : Pepsico Inc. Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pages In 2010, PepsiCo Beverage Company (PBC), a working unit of PepsiCo Inc. (PepsiCo), the second biggest sustenance and refreshment organization on the planet, got the inventory network advancement recompense from the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP). PepsiCo was given this grant for its creative conveyance procedure, the Direct to Store Delivery show, that decreased framework wide stock, disposed of stockroom space imperatives, upgraded the potential for boundless SKU developmentRead MoreWith that being said, knowing the routes products take in getting from point A to point B requires1300 Words   |  6 Pagesin routes, and the potential for outside restrictions according to the Supply Chain Digest (Web, 2014). With most companies that process shipping trucks, drivers spend valuable time waiting for the trucks to be loaded and unloaded with product shipment, causing a loss in revenue gained through quicker delivery times customer. With proper planning and imp lementation of a network wide system throughout PepsiCo’s supply chain, the delivery function more specifically that shows outbound and inboundRead MoreA Successful Form Of Operations Management Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesIn any business, the achievable goal is to have a successful form of operations management. The function of this goal is to plan, coordinate, and control resources that are needed to produce a company’s products and services. This area is a critical function within every organization and plays a vital role in the success of any company. Over the course of the years and through changing economies, operations management and its decisions have been altered to reflect updated standards, conditions, andRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Flexibility807 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s supply chains are operating in complex, dicey, unclear and uncertain business environments. Managers of supply chain are consequently put under pressure to form hi gh level of flexibility in the supply chain operations. Although, supply chain flexibility is a complex, extraordinary, effective and application-oriented concept, viewed from a strategic and customer perspective. Supply chain flexibility is not easy to grasp and put into real practice, the foremost reason is the diverse environmentRead MoreCoca-Cola Pest Value Chain Analysis3433 Words   |  14 Pages |03 | |Coca-Cola: PEST Analysis |03 | |Value Chain Analysis: |05 | |IS/IT Strategy of Coca-Cola: |06

Essay Reproductive Rights - 856 Words

Reproductive Rights Women’s reproductive rights are a global issue in today’s world. Women have to fight to have the right to regulate their own bodies and reproductive choices, although in some countries their voices are ignored. Abortion, sterilization, contraceptives, and family planning services all encompass this global issue of women’s reproductive rights. In India, women are being manipulated to stop having children after their second birth. Officials claim that by regulating population and the pregnancies of women after their second child they will be able to empower women by offering them contraceptive choices and child care facilities. In reality, if women do not agree to be sterilized after their second birth they will be†¦show more content†¦They are not able to afford the proper health care or contraception. When women are affected by ill health, their families and communities suffer also. Without the health care that they need women are suffering from maternal illness and infant and child mortality rates are on the rise. There are a number of global trends that are affecting poor women. Gender, biology and poverty are linked together and are causing women to be more vulnerable to infectious diseases and reproductive tract infections. Poor women are being denied the health care and reproductive care that they desperately need. By ignoring the care that they need, we are deteriorating their lives, the lives of their families and their communities. In Chile, women recently fought and earned the right to have access to emergency contraception in cases of unprotected sex, rape or contraceptive failure. Chilean women finally won this right after a court accepted scientific proof that a pregnancy does not take place until a week after fertilization. Once the emergency contraception could be considered legal, instead of a form of illegal abortion, women were given access to the pill. Western culture is very critical about Third World women and poor women becoming pregnant. This criticism comes from a society where women have the right to contraception more than others do and where abortion is a legal option for women.Show MoreRelatedThe Struggle For Improving Reproductive Rights1279 Words   |  6 Pages Her Body, Her Rights Throughout American history, women have faced many challenges to earn equal rights in almost all aspects of life. Although changes have been made, today there are still battle to be won. One of these issues is the struggle for improving reproductive rights. Women are often judged for their maternal decisions, whether that is in choosing surrogacy, abortion, and even those who choose different forms of contraception. Over the years, Planned Parenthood and other health servicesRead MoreWomens Reproductive Rights and Freedoms1983 Words   |  8 Pages Women’s reproductive rights are legal rights and freedoms pertaining to reproduction and reproductive health. One can expect reproductive rights to include the following topics: the right to birth control, the right to legal abortion, the right to education and access so that properly informed choices can be made and the right to access good-quality reproductive healthcare. The women’s reproductive rights and freedoms movement move far beyond the topic of the abortion movement alone, there areRead MoreThe Issue Of Reproductive Rights1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of reproductive rights surrounding women in Texas has been a hot buttoned issue since the closing of many reproductive centers across the state. Recently damaging abortion restrictions were passed and therefor encroach on women’s reproductive rights even more by decreasing access to abortion care. Texas’ 84th Legislature, both passed HB 3994 as a law and had it Governor Abbott make it effe ctive with his signature on July 8, or this year. This law complicates access to abortion servicesRead More Women’s Reproductive Rights Are In Danger Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe battle for women’s reproductive rights is similar to the struggle for African Americans to have â€Å"the full liberty of speech in public and private† as Dredd Scott found out in 1865 when he petitioned for his personal freedom from slavery and lost. Moreover women’s reproductive rights are akin to defending the rights of racial equality, civil rights, desegregation, same sex marriage, and universal human rights. Every individual should have the right to choose how to live his or her private lifeRead MoreReproductive Rights : Women s Fight For Control1485 Words   |  6 PagesReproductive Rights: Women’s Fight for Control Women having been fighting for equal rights for many years. Because of our genitalia, we will be paid less, we will be judged more, and we will have to fight to protect our basic human rights. Most women are born with the amazing ability to carry life; this is a blessing and a curse. Because of this ability, some people believe that a woman’s body is not completely her own, but that the government has rights to that body as well. We have been fightingRead MoreHuman Rights And Reproductive Rights Essay1222 Words   |  5 Pagesconcept of human rights is a multifaceted one, thereby making it a frequent topic of debate on a global scale. Furthermore, defining human rights is a complex and volatile issue that brings up many crucial discussions such as, what it means to have ‘rights’, who deserves these suggested rights and to what extent can a person exercise these rights. These types of discussions can be controversial despite most of us, especially in a liberal dem ocracy, where we tend to view human rights in a similar mannerRead MoreReproductive Freedom And Its Impact On Women s Rights1521 Words   |  7 Pagesof women’s reproductive rights once said, â€Å"Reproductive freedom is critical to a whole range of issues. If we can’t take charge of this most personal aspect of our lives, we can’t take care of anything. It should not be seen as a privilege or as a benefit, but a fundamental human right.† In many traditional societies around the world, women’s rights regarding their own reproductive choices may seem as limited as their opportunities for them. Cultures in which that deny women s rights and lessenRead MoreAbortion : A Positive Impact For Women s Reproductive Rights Movement870 Words   |  4 Pagesto its access and coverage. According to Barusch (2014), social policy in the United State have not been a positive impact for women’s reproductive rights movement. Opponents of legal abortion vie w abortion as murder, and some advocate violence against clinics and physicians. Numberless laws have passed for restricting access to abortion by arguing the fetus’ right. These laws interfere the freedom of women to make personal decisions for her and her family. Among these laws, Hyde Amendment is theRead MoreSexual And Reproductive Rights : Human Rights1559 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 18, 2017 Essay #1 Sexual and Reproductive Rights Sexual and Reproductive Rights is Human rights combined with sexuality and reproduction. The lack of support in Sexual and Reproductive rights has cause maternal deaths and unintended pregnancies. The government has been supporting Sexual and Reproductive Rights for many years now. Over time the United States has played a big role in reproductive health and has changed the point of view for reproductive health. Civil liberties are the protectionRead MoreReproductive Rights : Pro Choice Vs. Pro Life Essay2242 Words   |  9 PagesReproductive rights: Pro-choice vs. pro-life For more than 30 years, reproductive rights have been a controversial topic in the United States pushing people into opposing views as pro-choice and pro-life . In 1973, Roe v Wade granted the legal right for women to abort fetuses before they are viable (Gostin Reingold, 2016) . However in 1992, Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v Casey gave states more rights to regulate abortions in a way to protect the mother and fetus (Gostin Reingold)

The Conelly’s bond with Roan Inish Free Essays

The film directed by John Sayles; The Secret of Roan Inish is a captivating story about an Irish family; The Coneelly’s. The family’s bond to the island of Roan Inish and the seals that reside nearby is exceptional and mystifying. Why are the Coneelly’s so drawn to the island? The family’s roots on Roan Inish start far back with Fiona’s great great great grandfather Sean Michael who arrives on the island on a prayer. We will write a custom essay sample on The Conelly’s bond with Roan Inish or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another Coneelly; Liam, solidifies the connection to Irish island through his marriage to Nula. Finally the loss of Fiona’s brother Jaime at Roan Inish keeps the island on the mind of the family almost constantly. The Coneelly’s attachment to the Island of Roan Inish is firmly rooted by several factors. One of the most important factors of this revolves around the oldest known member of the family, Sean Michael. Sean Michael was aboard a fishing vessel that capsized; drowning all of the Coneelly fishermen on board except Sean Michael. As the legend tells it; Sean Michael had such a strong soul the sea would not take him. Seals rescued Sean Michael and took him to the island of Roan Inish; where he colonized and single handedly rebuilt the Coneelly family. Another pivotal member of the family is Liam. On the island everyone is family and when it comes time to find a mate the men leave Roan Inish to find their bride. Young Liam indeed left the island to find his bride; on an island not far away he came across a selkie; a half woman, half seal creature. As the legend tells it a man who is able to keep the skin of a seklie will have her affection forever. Liam took that advice seriously and captured the skin; and then rightfully gained her affection. They eventually bore children. Their love of the sea was constant; Nula even suggested they build a cradle for their newborn from wood that once sailed the sea. This cradle was passed down through the Coneelly family for years to come and used as a bassinet for each new Coneelly family member. Eventually Nula comes to realize Liam has been keeping her seal skin; at this point she returns to the sea but the seals always seem to stay close to the island of Roan Inish. Once Nula returns to the sea the Coneelly’s ban the hunting of seals. This is a solid symbolic bond between the Island, Seals and the Family. Finally the last important factor for the family connection to the island is that of young Jaime, Fiona’s brother. After Fiona is told the story about Jaime’s disappearance she becomes obsessed with the idea that Jaime is alive. Fiona makes two trips to Roan Inish before convincing the other family members Jamie exists. On the first trip she is brought to the island by Hugh. Fiona spends a fair amount of time on the island and then spies Jamie in a field. She tries to summon Jamie but he runs away, gets into the family bassinet which he is using as a boat and drifts away. On Fiona’s second trip to the island her boat mysteriously becomes untied from the dock. The boat seems to be lead to the island by way of the Seals. Fiona sees Jamie again and confirms that he is being cared for by the seals. This is another paramount symbol of a strong connection between the Coneelly family and the island. The bond between the Coneelly family and Roan Inish is steadfast and strong. Their ties between the seals and the island run deep. Sean Michael’s colonization of the island starts the great tie between the family, island and seals. Liam’s marriage Nula strengthens the relationship with the seals and symbolizes the connection between the two. The seals overseeing and caring for Jamie after the Coneelly’s left the island proves that the seals and family are one. Theese clues demonstrates that the Coneelly family belongs on the Island of Roan Inish where the seals and family can live together. How to cite The Conelly’s bond with Roan Inish, Papers

IPHIGENIA Essay Example For Students

IPHIGENIA Essay A monologue from the play by Jean Racine NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Dramatic Works of Jean Racine. Trans. Robert Bruce Boswell. London: George Bell and Sons, 1911. CLYTEMNESTRA: Fit offspring of a fatal stock!Thine is the blood of Atreus and Thyestes:Thy daughters murderer; there but remainsOne horror more, to serve her as a feastBefore her mother. Savage, this is thenThe gladsome sacrifice thou was preparingWith artful care! Did not thy hand refuseThe infamy of writing a commandSo cruel! Why dost thou pretend to feelA false distress? Think not that tears can proveA love that shrinks from bold defense in arms.Why has not blood been shed for her in torrents?What wreck and ruin till of thy resistance?What field of corpses coverd seals my mouth?Proofs such as these I would have had thee bring meOf thine affection and desire to save her.A fatal oracle ordains her death!But what an oracle may seem to sayNot always is its meaning. Can just HeavnThirst for the blood of innocence, or beHonourd by murder? If for Helens crimeHer kin are punishd, for her daughter sendTo Sparta. So let Menelaus ransomThe wife whose frailty in his eyes seems smallMatchd wit h her charms. But surely it is madnessTo make thyself the victim of her sin.And why should I, smiting upon my breast,With my own flesh and blood pay for her folly?Does Helen then, for whom such jealous firesWere kindled, curse of Europe and of Asia,Seem worthy of thine efforts to regain her?How often have we blushd to speak her name!Ere, to his woe, thy brother linkd his fateWith hers, she had been carried off by Theseus,Who, as thou knowest and hast heard from CalchasA thousand times, clandestinely unloosedHer virgin zone; and, pledge of that amour,A princess of her blood has been by herKept in concealment. But a brothers honourIs the least cause of thy solicitude:That lust of empire nothing can extinguish,The pride of seeing twenty monarchs serveAnd fear thee, empire to thine hands confided,These are the gods who claim this sacrificeFrom thee, who far from offering resistanceDost make a barbarous merit of submission.Jealous of powr that can excite their envy,Thou dost not grudge t o pay a heavy priceFrom thine own veins, that so thou mayest quellAll opposition to thy sovereign sway.Is this to be a father? Outraged natureRevolts at this perfidious cruelty.A priest, surrounded by a brutal crowd,Will on my child lay hands of violence,Rend her bared bosom, and with curious eyeFor omens search her palpitating heart!While I, who brought her hither proud and happy,Must needs go back alone and in despair!Still will the ways be scented with the flowrsThat neath her feet were scatterd as we came!It shall not be that to her doom I brought her,Or thou wilt have to add my death to hers.Ay, thou shalt never tear her from these arms,While life is mine: no fears can shake my purpose.Ruthless alike as husband and as fatherCome, if thou darest, snatch her from the breastThat nursed her!

Launch into Success with Good College Essay Help

Everyone needs help from time to time and we should not be afraid to reach out when we need support. Surviving an Industrialized Education System While it has come to be the established mode by which social mobility is enabled, there is no doubt that college has become an industrialized process of education. Even while technology has developed to simplify many of the menial tasks, the academic demands placed on students have only increased over time. Some students question whether the point is to learn the skills required for their chosen profession or merely to be able to jump through hoops such as college essay writing, which have come to define the university culture and experience. A Paper Writing Service Can Afford You the Breathing Space to Study s want to be able to provide students with a range of facilities and essay writing services, some of which are free and open for everyone, together with practical college essay help. 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Insects Essays - Catecholamines, Basal Ganglia, Midbrain

Insects Essays - Catecholamines, Basal Ganglia, Midbrain Insects Insects have sensors (force-sensitive organs) concentrated in areas near joints, tips of the legs, and near exoskeletal sites attached to muscle tendons. These sensors act as strain gauges to detect compression of the exoskeleton. Using this information, insects recognize environments, regulate walking movements, and astonishingly "remember" stepping patterns and location. Through memory experiments, scientists see that a spider memorizes its own previous walking movements to backtrack to a fly. After presenting the fly to the spider on a petri dish, scientists chased the spider some distance away from the capture site. The spider then returns to the original spot, even though the fly has been placed elsewhere. If guided along a curved detour path, the spider cuts corners, indicating that it remembered the fly's position. Limitations in this memory experiment include odor and magnetic sense to backtrack to the capture site. To test the latter hypothesis we can place magnets inside the petri dish and run the experiment during cloudy weather to disorient the spider's navigational magnetic sense. Parkinson's is a neurodegenerative disease that causes involuntary movement, muscle rigidity, slowing of movement, and loss of spontaneous motion. As excessive amounts of dopamine-producing neurons of the brain die, the resulting decline in dopamine signaling disrupts smooth functioning of the overall motor network. Damage to the substantia nigra accounts for most symptoms. L-dopa, which readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, was developed to compensate for the decline of dopamine. It is then converted to dopamine by dopamine-making neurons that survive in the substantia nigra and nonneuronal cells in the striatum. Patients experience a desensitization phenomenon, gradually losing sensitivity to L-dopa, which works for shorter and shorter increments. This may be attributed to dopamine's ability to promote free radical synthesis, which may help explain why dopamine-making neurons are particularly susceptible to dying from oxidation. L-dopa increases dopamine levels, eases symptoms, and may ironically damage nigral neurons. With more L-dopa usage, more nigral neurons die, leading to gradual ineffectiveness of the compound. Total desensitization occurs when nigral neuron levels are extremely low. L-dopa's wearing-off effect is similar to that of protease-inhibitor drugs used to help treat HIV. After many years, the drugs lose effect; HIV persists and leads to full-blown AIDS.

Law and the Constitution in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Law and the Constitution in Canada - Essay Example Legal reasoning is essential in explaining the inherent difference between partisan and impartial legal decisions. Legal reasoning remains indispensable in arbitration of varied beliefs and values of the Canadian society towards acceptance of legal decisions2. Moreover, legal reasoning is domineering in harmonizing Canadian society perspectives about legal integrity. Furthermore, it enables the Canadian society to comply with SCC legal decisions over varied cases even though they may seem to disagree. Similarly, legal scholarship has had notable contributions to realization of a more acceptable Canadian legal system through establishment of doctrinal scholarship and creation of linkage with other disciplines. Through legal scholarship, legal scholars established a doctrinal analysis system that explains, criticizes, and analyses Canadian judicial decisions. In addition, legal scholars have created brilliant doctrinal scholarship proposals methods of decision making within judicial systems especially in constitutional law. Besides doctrinal analysis, legal scholarship has ensured incorporation of other discipline concepts such as economics, philosophy, and literary theory in making legal decisions3 (Bourne 2011). Due to the aforementioned concepts and functions of legal reasoning and scholarship, the Canadian society have accepted Aboriginals rights and title as outlined in section 35 (1). SCC have the legal rights to interpret s35 (1) to the Canadian society, a responsibility that they have achieved through legal reasoning (Turner 2006). In addition, legal scholarship and reasoning remains imperative in explaining the inherent judicial process in making decision relating to acceptance of aboriginals rights. Acceptance and affirmation of aboriginal rights required doctrinal scholarship analysis and legal reasoning of several cases including the Delgamuukw

Effects of oil spillage to the Dalian population Annotated Bibliography

Effects of oil spillage to the Dalian population - Annotated Bibliography Example The effects of the disaster were detrimental in that ports operations were disrupted as millions of gallons of oil spilled destroying several structures. With such disasters, it is imperative to focus on the effects that face the people and the environment in order to develop mechanisms of preventing and controlling them if they take place. In addition, such findings tend to foster disaster preparedness in the future. Besides, the concerned parties and stakeholders needs to have a clear picture of effects of such disasters before developing mechanisms of dealing with them in the future. This article articulates on the effects of trade on the environment. Specifically, the author focused on two Chinese cities, Shenyang and Dalian. Its theoretical approach underpins the connection between trade and environment. Conversely, the article examines effects of global economic integration and how the major actors respond to environmental policies as well as assessing ways of minimizing the environmental risks involved as a result of trade. The article findings indicate that strengthening of environmental institutions as well as economic openness plays a part in domestic environmental policies. For instance, Shin pointed out that the government orders Shenyang smelter to shut its doors after it was discovered that the plant excessively polluted the air, which was considered risky for the people living in the local area. Several policies including â€Å"if an enterprise does not eliminate pollution, pollution will eliminate the enterprise† were put in place. The study of the article utilized the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) to study how different countries in Asia handle environmental issues.

A journal Article Review of Children of Lesbian and Gay parents Essay

A journal Article Review of Children of Lesbian and Gay parents - Essay Example One major aspect concerning gay and lesbian families is the diversity of the family structure as apart from the couple other people might also be involved in the family structure if in case the couple decide to conceive a child using a donor sperm or a surrogate mother in case of lesbians and gays respectively. In some cases, heterosexual couples after having children might undergo a change in sexual preferences that might result in divorce and eventual legal problems about the custody of the children. Legal problems are also encountered when gay or lesbian couples who have adopted children decide to separate. To begin with, there is considerable variation among various states across the world in recognizing marriage between the same sexes. While a mere 5 states in the US legally recognize same-sex marriages, many other states recognize such marriages conducted in other states or offer limited recognition or do not support them at all. While there are civil unions for these couples i n certain states, they are denied of any kind of federal benefits. In most cases people who argue against legalization of same-sex marriages cite child rearing as a major reason. However laws have been more kind on the children of gay and lesbian parents as they are eligible for health care and insurance and would be protected by law if their parents are married legally. The legal issues surrounding the custody of children and visitation by such parents have also come under scrutiny citing reasons such as the parent’s relationship with a same-sex individual may have adverse effects on the mind of the children. The court rulings in this aspect in several states is divided as some courts have ruled a favorable opinion while others have maintained that individuals with same-sex partners would not make a good parent as it might have a bad influence on the child. While legal issues still loom large with respect to lesbians and gay people taking custody of their own children, laws

Beer’s model states that change is more complex than the Lewin model

Beer’s model states that change is more complex than the Lewin model Introduction Change is an inevitable part of life. Change is also an important part of a business life; it allows a business to adapt to its environment and to improve its market position. Change signifies the willingness of the affected parties to embrace and function in a newly established order and their commitment to effect and implement the changes (Armstrong, 2004). The generic definition of change as defined by Hughes (2006) is any alteration in the status quo. Changes within an organisation may take place for many reasons. It is sometimes done in order to introduce a new more efficient way of working or producing a product. It is sometimes done to re-organise the organizations work force. Organisations will evolve and change within the course of their lives. Change management is referred to as the process of which change is executed and developed within the organization. Change is something that affects all business and therefore all business managers must prepare their personnel and proc esses for change. Theories of Change Management Changes in the business environment are happening all the time and organisations must change the way they operate to compete effectively in their market. In order to change organisations must adopt change theories and approaches however with so many different approaches available an organisation must choose an approach that best suits its needs. Different managers will have different theories as to how change should be implemented and executed. Kurt Lewin is considered the forefather of planned approaches to change. Kurt Lewins Freeze Phases [Source: Higgs Rowland, 2005] Lewins model shows that change involves a move from one static state via a state of activity to another static state. Beers model states that change is more complex than the Lewin model and requires a more in-depth look at the process of change. Beers model focuses on a six-step process to achieve effective change, these steps concentrate on task alignmentwhereby employees roles, responsibilities and relationships are seen as the main component to bringing about effective change. The stages are: Mobilise commitment to change through joint diagnosis. Develop a shared vision of how to organise. Foster consensus, competence and commitment to shared vision. Spread the word about the change. Institutionalise the change through formal policies Another model that is often used is the Kotter Model. Kotter developed what he believed to be the eight critical steps to the successful implementation of change these steps are: Establish a sense of urgency Examining market and competitive realities and identifying and discussing crises, potential crises and opportunities. Form a powerful, guiding coalition Assembling enough people with the enough power to lead the change. Create a vision Create a vision to help direct the change and develop strategies for achieving the vision Communicate the vision Use every medium possible to communicate the vision and strategies to be implemented Empower others to act on the vision Get rid of obstacles to change and encourage risk taking and nontraditional ideas. Plan and create short term wins Plan for visible performance results and recognise and reward employees who are involved in the improvements Consolidate improvements and produce still more change Hiring, promoting and developing employees who can implement the vision. Institutionalising New Approaches Develop the means to ensure leadership development and succession. Impact and Barriers If change is not implemented in the correct manner, the impact upon the business can be devastating. Some of the workforce may decide to leave as they do not agree with what is be implemented and that leaves managers trying to fulfil orders or provide services with half a workforce which puts pressure on the rest of the workforce. Communication is key to help reduce barriers, for any change strategy to achieve its goal every member of staff within the organisation must be constantly communicating with executive managers. If staff members ask, Why do we need to do this? a manager must be able to give them a valid answer. Change normally affects both a businesss internal and external environments. Internally staff may feel that they have been left out of the loop and are just being told that they must accept the change or the reverse may happen the staff may be contributing heavily to the change and helping to direct the new vision. Externally an organisation may make an impact on thei r market by promoting a new service or product. There are a number of barriers to successful change both in terms of actually implementing the change and sustaining it. Employees must be able to flourish within an every changing environment to allow them to contribute to an organisations success. Listed below are some of the barriers an organisation may have to overcome to implement change successfully: Not enough understanding about the change itself Lack of leadership Lack of focus and strong project management of the change No engagement and/or buy-in of key stakeholders No clear process for managing endings and beginnings, and co-ordinating the change process Successes are not recognised, communicated Progress is not measured and the learning is not reviewed Change is very tiring and is often something that requires extra effort people need to see that this effort is paying off and their contribution is valued Conclusion Change must be managed, implemented, and executed in such a way that there is always communication between staff and managers. This allows for equilibrium and encourages growth and innovation within a company. Each change management theory has its strengths and weaknesses and each can be adapted to an organisations needs but I believe that managers must invite all staff to offer ideas on a creating a new vision for the company and thus driving the company forward as a whole. REFERENCES Hughes, M. (2006). Change Management: A Critical Perspective. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. ISBN: 1-84398-070-3. Armstrong, M (2004). Managing Organizational Change in Nigeria Manufacturing Enterprises: Lessons from the Unilever Nigeria Plc. AC Associated Content. Retrieved from http://www.medwelljournals.com/fulltext/?doi=ibm.2009.15.21 Syque. (2007). Lewins Freeze Phases. Changing Minds. Retrieved from Higgs, Malcolm, and John Wren. The Leadership of Change: a Study of Change Leadership within the UK Royal Air Force. Henley-on-Thames: Henley Management College, 2005. Print

The Role of Women in the Caholic Church :: essays research papers

Role of Women in the Roman Catholic Church   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women in the Catholic Church take on many roles, from parishioner to laywoman to nuns. Women parishioners help prepare for the mass. They can be lectors, choir members, CCD instructors, etc. Laywomen â€Å"†¦are the Catholic women traditionally permitted certain ministerial responsibilities (Wessinger, 244).† They work in churches, schools, prisons, etc. Nuns dedicate their lives to religious devotion. They take three vows; poverty, chasity, and obedience. They are to live simple lifestyles. They live their lives teaching others and helping others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1995, at the Fourth World Conference on Women, in Beijing, the pope stated: â€Å"Today I appeal to the whole Church community to be willing to foster feminine participation in every way in its internal life. This is certainly not a new commitment, since it is inspired by the example of Christ himself†¦.nevertheless, he also involved women in the cause of his kingdom; indeed he wanted them to be the first witnesses and heralds of his resurrection. In fact, there are many women who have distinguished themselves in the Church’s history by their holiness and hardworking ingenuity.† The pope also stated that the feminine presence could be seen through, â€Å"†¦theological teaching, the forms of liturgical ministry permitted, including service at the alter, pastoral and administrative councils†¦Ã¢â‚¬  A year later, according to a research project, The Notre Dame Study of Catholic Parish Life, many women have assumed parish responsibilities. â€Å"†¦The following percentages of ministerial activities done by women reveal: alter preparation 85 percent, teaching 80 percent, social caring and justice ministries 85 percent, parish council leadership 52 percent (Wessinger, 246).†. Church practice is - to a large extent - women's practice. Without the unpaid cooperation of women, important pastoral activities would stop. A fair number of women choose to give their time and efforts to the church, rather than take paid employment. Many times these women are over looked.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many questions as to why women can not become priests. Women can not receive the Sacrament of Orders and cannot fulfill the function of ministerial priest hood. The Catechism of the Catholic Church states, â€Å"Only a baptized man validly receives the sacred ordination.